String in C

In C Language, strings are sequences of characters terminated by a null character ('\0').

C does not have a built-in string data type like other programming languages.

Instead, strings are typically represented as arrays of characters.

Declaring and Initializing Strings:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    // Declaring and initializing a string using an array of characters
    char str1[] = "Hello, World!";

    // Declaring a string without initialization
    char str2[20]; // Maximum length of 20 characters

    // Initializing a string later
    str2[0] = 'H';
    str2[1] = 'i';
    str2[2] = '\0'; // Null terminator

    printf("str1: %s\n", str1);
    printf("str2: %s\n", str2);

    return 0;
}

String Input:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    char str[50]; // Maximum length of 50 characters

    printf("Enter your name: ");
    scanf("%s", str);

    printf("You entered: %s\n", str);

    return 0;
}

String Functions:

C provides several standard library functions for working with strings, such as:

strlen():

Calculates the length of a string.

Example:

Output: Length of str: 13

Example:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
    char str[] = "Hello, World!";
    int length = strlen(str);
    printf("Length of str: %d\n", length);
    return 0;
}

Example:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
    char src[] = "Hello, C!";
    char dest[20];
    strcpy(dest, src);
    printf("Copied string: %s\n", dest);
    return 0;
}

Output: Copied string: Hello, C!

Example:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
    char str1[20] = "Hello";
    char str2[] = ", World!";
    strcat(str1, str2);
    printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", str1);
    return 0;
}

Example:

Output: Concatenated string: Hello, World!

Example:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
    char str1[] = "Hello, C";
    char str2[] = "Hello, C";
    if (strcmp(str1, str2) == 0) {
        printf("Strings are equal.\n");
    } else {
        printf("Strings are not equal.\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

Example:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
    char str[] = "Hello,World,How,Are,You";
    char *token = strtok(str, ",");
    while (token != NULL) {
        printf("%s\n", token);
        token = strtok(NULL, ",");
    }
    return 0;
}

Output: Strings are equal.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
    char str[] = "Hello, World!";
    char *substr = strstr(str, "World");
    printf("Substring: %s\n", substr);
    return 0;
}

Example:

Output:
>Hello
>World
>How
>Are
>You

Example:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
    char str[] = "Hello";
    printf("Original string: %s\n", str);
    printf("Reversed string: %s\n", strrev(str));
    return 0;
}

Example:

Output: Substring: World!

Example:

Output:
Original string: Hello
Reversed string: olleH

strcpy():

Copies a string.

strcat():

Concatenates two strings.

strcmp():

Compares two strings.

strtok():

Splits a string into tokens.

strstr():

Locates a substring within a string.

strrev():

Reverses a string.

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