MongoDB is a popular, open-source NoSQL database that provides high performance, high availability, and easy scalability.
It stores data in a flexible, JSON-like format called BSON (Binary JSON), which allows for a more natural representation of complex data structures compared to traditional relational databases.
It is classified as a document-oriented database, storing data in flexible, JSON-like documents format, instead of traditional rows and columns as in relational databases.
It is widely used in a variety of applications, including web development, mobile apps, real-time analytics, and content management systems.
Its flexible data model, scalability, and rich feature set make it a popular choice for modern application development.
MongoDB was developed by 10gen, now known as MongoDB, Inc. in 2007, and released as an open-source project.
Flexible Schema: Unlike traditional relational databases (MySQL), MongoDB collections do not require a pre-defined schema. Each document(RECORD or row) in a collection can have a distinct structure, which allows us to scale schema as the application grows or requirements change.
Scalability: It is designed to scale out horizontally by adding more servers to distribute the load and data across multiple machines. This allows for high availability and performance.
High Performance: MongoDB's Database gives High Performance due to its architecture and indexing capabilities which enable fast reading from the Database and writing operations into the Database. MongoDB Database is suitable for applications with high throughput requirements.
Rich Query Language: It supports query language that fetches complex queries, including sorting, filtering, aggregation, and geospatial queries.
Document-Oriented Model: MongoDB stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents BSON (Binary JSON), allowing for hierarchical data structures and nested arrays.
Automatic Failover and Replication: It supports replica sets. Replica sets are groups of MongoDB servers that take care of the same data set. Replica sets provide high availability and data redundancy by automatically electing a primary node and replicating data to secondary nodes.
Sharding: MongoDB Database supports shard data across multiple servers to distribute the workload and accommodate large data sets. Sharding allows MongoDB to scale horizontally by partitioning data and distributing it across multiple shards.
Cloud Database Service: MongoDB Atlas provides a cloud database service that manages automated backups, scaling, and monitoring capabilities for MongoDB deployments in the cloud.
Schema Validation: It allows developers to define schema validation rules to enforce data integrity and consistency.
NoSQL Database: MongoDB is a NoSQL (Not Only SQL) database, which means it does not use the traditional table-based relational database structure.