printf in C

In C Language, `printf()` is a standard library function that prints formatted output to the standard output stream on the console.

It is declared in the header file .

The printf() function allows us to display text, variables, and expressions in a formatted manner.

Syntax:

int printf(const char *format, ...);

Parameters:

format: A string that specifies the format of the output. It may contain format specifiers, which are placeholders for the values of variables or expressions.
"...": A variable number of arguments that correspond to the format specifiers in the format string.

Format Specifiers:

Format specifiers begin with the percent sign "%" and are followed by a character that specifies the type of data to be printed.

Some commonly used format specifiers are:

"%d" or "%I": we can print the integer values of variables using format specifiers.
"%f": we can print the Floating Point values of variables using format specifiers.
"%c": we can print the Character values of variables using format specifiers.
"%s": We can print literal text by including it directly in the formatted string.
"%x" or "%X": we can print the Hexadecimal values of variables using format specifiers.
"%p": we can print the Pointers values of variables using format specifiers.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int numberValue = 10;
    float floatValue = 3.14;
    char characterValue = 'A';
    char stringValue[] = "Hello World, in C Language!";
    int *integerPtr = &numberValue;
    char *characterPtr = &characterValue;

    // Print value in integer format
    printf("Integer Value: %d\n", numberValue);

    // Print value in float format
    printf("Float Value: %f\n", floatValue);

    // Print value in character format
    printf("Character Value: %c\n", characterValue);

    // Print value in String format
    printf("String Value: %s\n", stringValue);

    // Print integer in hexadecimal format
    printf("Hexadecimal Value: %x\n", numberValue);

    // Print value of pointer address
    printf("Pointer address of:\n Integer value: %p;\n Character value: %p;\n", 
    (void*)integerPtr, (void*)characterPtr);
    
    return 0;
}

Output:

Integer Value: 10
Float Value: 3.140000
Character Value: A
String Value: Hello World, in C Language!
Hexadecimal Value: a
Pointer address of:
 Integer value: 0x7ffd113acf84;
 Character value: 0x7ffd113acf83;

Note:

it allows us to control the output format, making it versatile for displaying different values.

It's one of the fundamental functions in C for outputting information to the user or to a file.

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