Random Modules

In Python, the `random` module is a built-in module.

The "random" module in Python provides functions for generating random numbers, selecting random elements from sequences, shuffling sequences randomly, and more.

The `random.random()` function returns a float number that ranges from 0.0 to 1.0. There are no parameters required for this function to be invoked.

Common functionalities provided by the "random" module:

Generating Random Numbers:

random.random():

It returns a random floating-point number in the range [0.0, 1.0].

Example:

# import random module
import random

# Print random value generate through function
print(random.random()) # Output: random value in range[0.0, 1.0]

random.randint(a, b):

It returns a random integer in the range [a, b] supplied, including both endpoints.

Example:

# import random module
import random

# Print random value generate through random.randint function
print(random.randint(1, 10)) 
# Output: it will generate random integer number between 1 to 10

random.uniform(a, b):

It returns a random floating-point number in the range [a, b], or [a, b] if a == b.

Example:

# import random module
import random

print(random.uniform(1.5, 2.5)) # Output: 1.5209130579399674

Selecting Random Elements:

random.choice(sequence):

It returns a random element from the non-empty sequence.

Example:

# import random module
import random

sequence = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']
print(random.choice(sequence)) # Output: apple

random.randrange()

It returns a random value from a specified range using the random.randrange() function. syntax: randrange(start= default set to 0, stop=default set to 1, step=optional); By default, the start is set to 0. Likewise, the step is set to 1 by default.

Example:

# Import random module
import random

range1 = random.randrange(2, 5)    
print(range1)
    
range2 = random.randrange(2, 20, 4)    
print(range2)

random.choices(sequence, weights=None, k=1):

It returns a list of k elements from the sequence with replacement. The weights parameter allows us to specify the probability of each component.

Example:

# Import random module
import random

sequence = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']
weights = [0.6, 0.3, 0.1]
print(random.choices(sequence, weights=weights, k=2))

Shuffling Sequences:

random.shuffle(sequence):

Shuffles the elements of the sequence in place.

Example:

# Import random module
import random

# genrate a sequence
sequence = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i']

# it will shuffle the sequence
random.shuffle(sequence)

# Print the result
print(sequence)

random.sample(population, k):

It returns a new list containing k unique elements chosen randomly from the population sequence without replacement.

Example:

# import random module
import random

# generate a dataset
population = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h']

# It will pick 5 items randomly from population list
print(random.sample(population, 5))

Setting the Random Seed:

random.seed(seed):

Initialize the random number generator with a seed value. This allows us to reproduce the same sequence of random numbers.

Example:

import random

random.seed(42)
print(random.random())

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