Conditionals Statement In Python

In Python, Conditionals statement are used to execute different blocks of code based on certain conditions.

The primary conditional statements in Python are if, elif (short for "else if"), and else.

if-else: If condition provided in the if statement is false, then the else statement will be executed.

The if statement is used to execute a block of code if a specified condition is true.

Syntax:

if expression:  
    statement

if Statement:

if-elif-else: when we have a series of if-elif-else statements to emulate the behaviour of a switch statement.

Example:

xyz = 1010

if xyz > 1010:
    print("xyz is greater than 1010")

if-else Statement:

The if-else statement is used to execute one block of code if the condition is true, and another block of code if the condition is false.

Example:

xyz = 2323

if xyz > 2323:
    print("xyz is greater than 2323")
else:
    print("xyz is less than or equal to 2323")

if-elif-else Statement:

The if-elif-else statement allows you to check multiple conditions. It executes the first block of code whose condition is true.

Example:

xyz = 2020

if xyz > 2020:
    print("xyz is greater than 2020")
elif xyz == 2020:
    print("xyz is equal to 2020")
else:
    print("xyz is less than 2020")

Note: We can have multiple elif blocks to check additional conditions as needed.

Nested Condition Statement:

We can also nest conditions within each other to handle more complex scenarios.

Example:

xy = 2020
yz = 1010

if xy > 1010:
    if yz > 505:
        print("Both xy and yz are greater than their respective thresholds")
    else:
        print("xy is greater than 1010, but yz is not greater than 505")
else:
    print("xy is not greater than 2020")

Python does not have a built-in switch statement like some other programming languages (e.g., Java, C/C++, JavaScript).

However, we can achieve similar functionality using alternative approaches.

if-elif-else Chain:

We can use a series of if-elif-else statements to emulate the behaviour of a switch statement.

Example:

def switch_case(argument):
    if argument == 1:
        print("Case 1")
    elif argument == 2:
        print("Case 2")
    elif argument == 3:
        print("Case 3")
    elif argument == 4:
        print("Case 4")
    else:
        print("Default case")

switch_case(3)  // Output: Case 3

Dictionary Mapping:

We can use a dictionary to map case values to corresponding functions or values.

Example:

def case1():
    print("Case 1")

def case2():
    print("Case 2")

def case3():
    print("Case 3")

def case4():
    print("Case 4")

switch_dict = {
    1: case1,
    2: case2,
    3: case3,
    4: case4,
}

argument = 3
switch_dict.get(argument, lambda: print("Default case"))()

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