Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects", which can contain data (attributes) and code (methods).
Java is an object-oriented programming language that follows the principles of OOPs.
Here are the key concepts of OOPs in Java:
A class is a blueprint or template for creating objects. It defines the attributes (data) and methods (behaviour) that all objects of that class will have.
An object is an instance of a class. It represents a real-world entity and can interact with other objects through methods.
Encapsulation is the bundling of data (attributes) and methods (behaviour) within a class, and controlling access to the data through methods.
It helps to hide the internal implementation details of a class and only exposes the necessary functionality to the outside world.
Inheritance is a mechanism where a new class (subclass or derived class) inherits properties and behaviours (attributes and methods) from an existing class (superclass or base class).
It promotes code reusability and establishes a hierarchical relationship between classes.
Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.
It enables methods to behave differently based on the object that invokes them.
There are two types of polymorphism: compile-time polymorphism "method overloading" and runtime polymorphism "method overriding".
Abstraction is the process of hiding the implementation details and showing only the essential features of an object.
It allows us to focus on what an object does, rather than how it does it.
Association represents the relationships between classes, where one class is related to another class through their objects.
It can be one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many relationships.
Composition is a "has-a" relationship between classes, where one class contains an object of another class as a part of its data.
It allows you to create complex objects by combining simpler objects.
Aggregation is a type of association where one class has a "whole-part" relationship with another class.
Unlike composition, the contained object in aggregation can exist independently of the container object.
Java's support for these OOP concepts makes it a powerful and flexible language for developing large-scale, modular, and maintainable software applications.
By leveraging these principles, we can create well-structured, reusable, and easily understandable code.